What is a cooperative?
Housing cooperatives belong to their members. You buy shares (usually €500-3000) and get access to apartments. No profit maximization - rents are often 20-40% below market. Shares are returned when you leave.
How do I get in?
Become a member (online or in person), buy shares, get on waiting list. Wait times: 1-5 years depending on city and cooperative. Some have no waiting lists at all. Initiative applications for specific vacant apartments possible.
Pros and cons
Advantages: Fair rents, termination protection, co-determination, often good maintenance. Disadvantages: Long wait times, shares tie up capital, less choice, sometimes older housing stock.
Major cooperatives
Berlin: GEWOBAG, degewo, HOWOGE. Munich: GWG, GEWOFAG. Hamburg: SAGA GWG. Every city has its own. Google '[City] Wohnungsgenossenschaft'. Also check small local cooperatives - often shorter waiting lists.